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Soil Conservation Adequate Drainage: The solution for salinity & Alkanity of soil is to provide of soil is to provide adequate drainage. Use of Gypsum: Use of gypsum which is abundantly and cheaply available in Rajasthan, is economical and long term solution to the problem Afforestation: Large scale planting of saplings which act as wind breaks Shelter Belts: In dry regions rows of trees are planted to check wind movement to protect soil cover. Contour Barriers: Stone, gross, soils are used to build barrier along contours. Trenches are made in front of the boomers to collect water. Grass Development: Plantation of trees & grasses on marginal and sub marginal land. Wind strip cropping: Grass and crop strip at right angle to wind direction. Stubble Mulching: Crop stubbles are left in the field and next crop planted with minimum tillage. Contour Bonding: Ravine land can be made cultivable by leveling followed by contour bonding. The medium and deep gullies

Soil Problems :- Salinity and Alkalinity: S & A of soils is a serious problem in some parts of Rajasthan Salinity is due to high water table permanent. Under this condition cultivation of some crops possible through certain specific cultural practices Wind Erosion & Shifting Sand Dunes: Shifting sand dunes poses a constant threat to crop production and also to general public facilities like rail tracks, highways and buildings etc. The wind work as a powerful agent for erosion. Its action is twofold. The problem is two folded: to save the topsoil of arable land from erosion and to prevent the deposition of an agriculturally useless sandy cover. Ravine Lands: R. L. along the Chambal River & its tributary occupy considerable area. Shallow gullies can be made cultivable by leveling followed by contour bonding. The medium and deep gullies can also be converted into productive wood lands. Water Logging: With the introduction of canal irrigation system

S.No. Highway No. Road Kilometer 1 NH-3 Agra, Dhulpur, Mumbai 28.29 km 2 NH-8 Delhi, Alwar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Dungarpur, Mumbai 677 km 3 NH-11 Agra, Bharatpur, Dausa, Jaipur, Sikar, Churu, Bikaner 523.70 km 4 NH-11A Dausa to Manoharpr (Jaipur) 62.25 km 5 NH-11A.A Dausa, Tonk, Kouthon (Jaipur) 82.93 km 6 NH-11B Lalshot (Dausa), Swaimadhupur, Karuli, Dhulpur 187 km 7 NH-11C (NEW) Chandvaji to Jaipur 53.50 km 8 NH-12 Jaipur, Tonk, Bundi, Kota, Jhalawar, Bhopal, Jabalpur (M.P.) 411.60 km 9 NH-14 Beawar (Ajmer), Pali, Sirohi, Raghanpur (Gujrat) 306.38 km 10 NH-15 Pathankot (Punjab), Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jaiselmer, Barmer, Jalor, Samkhyali (Gujrat) 875.15 km 11 NH-65 Ambala, Churu, Sikar, Nagur, Jodhpur, Pali 495.10 km 12 NH-76 Pindwada (Sirohi), Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Bundi, Kota, Bara, Ilhabad 578 km 13 NH-79 Ajmer, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh 221.40 km 14 NH-79A Nasirab

Introduction The total area of Rajasthan is 3,42,239 Sq. Km. Agriculture is the main occupation in Rajasthan. Agriculture production is mainly depends upon South-East monsoon rain. The rainfall behavour generally remains abnormal being irregular, unever and uncertain scanty with drought period and occasional local floods. Average rainfall- 58.64 Cms. The process of weathering and disintegration coupled with sunb-shine and insolatuion demand for the need of irrigation in state. The irrigation facilities available are neither equally distributed in the state nor fully dependable. Chambal, Banas, Mahi and all other rivers add prosperity to this region. There is need of judicious implementation of minor, medium and major irrigation schemes. Sources of Irrigation: Wells and Tube wells: Wells and Tube well play an important role in agriculture in Rajasthan Districts - Tonk, Alwar, Ajmer, Udaipur, Jaipur, Bhilwara & Jhunjhunu. Out of total irrigated are 67.7% is irriga

Chambal Project (1935-54) Started in 1935-54 It is a joint project of MP and Rajasthan to control flood in Chambal. Irrigation facility to 10 lakh hectares of land. Start from Janapur hills in MP. Four dams are constructed on it. Dams Gandhi Sagar Dam: Built in 1959 in 1st phase in M.P. Biggest water reservoir Hydroelectricity production Kota Barrage: Built in 1960 in 1st phase in Kota It is the largest Hydroelectricity project of state Rana Pratap Sagar Dam: In Chittorgarh in 2nd phase It was constructed 33 Kms downstream on Chulia fall (Rawatbhata) Maximum catchment area of state Production of Hydroelectricity Jawahar Sagar Dam: In Kota, in 3rd phase It is a pick up dam Used only for irrigation to 10 lakh hectare of land

Temperature: The temperature sometimes falls below the freezing point in Raj at Ganganagar & Bikaner 2.8ºC. In summer temperature rises above 40ºC Maximum temperature reading 50ºC at Marusthali in Ganganagar. The mean maximum temperature in My and June is about 45ºC and mean minimum about 23ºC over a large part of Rajasthan. December and January is the coldest month, the mean monthly temperature being 12.9ºC Rainfall: Rainfall is very low highly erratic and variable throughout the Rajasthan plain mean Annual Rainfall is from 10 cm to 40 cm on eastern edge of Indo-Pak border. Rainfall decreases from East to West and from South West to North East. Most of rains occurs in the rainy months of July and August. July to September the three monsoonal months provide 75% to 90% of annual total rainfall. There are years in the heart of Marusthalil where no rainfall occurs. Humidity: The highest mean relative humidity is found in months from July to September. It varies between 55% to